5.4.6: Official Definition
5.X.X
[RFC3463] (Standards Track) from the The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) definition for codes that start with 5.X.X:
A permanent failure is one which is not likely to be resolved by resending the message in the current form. Some change to the message or the destination must be made for successful delivery.
X.X.6
[RFC3463] (Standards Track) from the The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) definition for codes that end with X.X.6:
A routing loop caused the message to be forwarded too many times, either because of incorrect routing tables or a user- forwarding loop. This is useful only as a persistent transient error.